What is 'load estimation' in civil engineering?

Load estimation in civil engineering refers to the essential process of calculating the expected loads that will act upon a structure, such as buildings or bridges. This process is critical to ensure safety and stability during both the design and construction phases of a project. Identifying the types of loads—such as dead loads (the weight of the structure itself), live loads (occupants, furniture, and movable items), wind loads, and seismic loads—is fundamental for engineers to perform accurate calculations and ensure that the structure can effectively support these forces throughout its lifespan.

In civil engineering, incorrect load estimations can lead to catastrophic failures; thus, adherence to established codes, standards, and engineering principles is vital. This process involves meticulous calculations and sometimes the use of specialized software tools to predict how structures will respond under various conditions, allowing engineers to make informed design decisions that prioritize safety and functionality.